Friday, December 27, 2019

Essay Civil Disobedience - 2559 Words

Civil Disobedience History, as Karl Marx suggest, is defined by human suffering. When a man is oppressed, his natural recours is rebellion. Most ost restiance movements of the past incorporated violenve. Violence has been a mean to an end for centurys. Even today our lives are chronicled through violence and human suffering. However, a paradox ensues when revolutionaries use violence to free themselves from oppression, as a mean to an end. By replacing violence with violence, you are only contuining a destructive cycle that can in no way liberate everybody. It oppresses the oppressor and depresses the depressed. Martin Luther King jr. sought to remedy this unhealthy cycle by prescribing a new approach to rebellion. Not only did he†¦show more content†¦Blacks were rent from their native Africa and forced to exist as slaves. The treatment of these people not only decimated their freedom but demeaned their humanity. Slave owners whipped and beat the slaves if the tried to escape and black slave g irls were raped by their masters. Some refused to accept such oppression and began to rebel. Nat Turner, who is heralded as a martyr, rebelled against the white slave owners of the south by walking from plantation to plantation massacring the owners and their family’s. Even today, his martyrdom is vividly recounted in elementary educations black history courses. However, what is not often remembered is the fierce backlash that ensued due to the violent nature of his rebellion. Violence and discrimination continued to plague Black Americans even after the Civil war. They were lynched, their homes were burned, and they were terrorized by white supremacists who refused to accept the outcome of the war. Blacks did not sit by idly and watch, there are many reports of black militant groups organizing and forming to fight for civil rights. The problem was these groups incorporated violence in their movement, which as a result had violent reproductions. By the 1950’s, Blacks h ad seemingly come a long way from their years of slavery. They could vote, hold a job, and even go to public school. Many whites believed that they had undisputedly given BlackShow MoreRelatedcivil disobedience2309 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿IS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE JUSTIFIED? â€Å"The death of democracy is not likely to be an assassination from ambush. It will be a slow extinction from apathy, indifference, and undernourishment. 1 â€Å"Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed individuals can change the world. Indeed, it s the only thing that ever has.2 History has shown us through the likes of Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr. who went against the greater power of their time to fight for injustice. These few respectableRead MoreLessons in Civil Disobedience828 Words   |  4 Pagesto its effectiveness, individualism, and past history of the world that has made immense progress. It is important to notice that if civil disobedience was not effective, then it would not be continually used to disobey the law. In The Role of Civil Disobedience in Democracy† by Kayla Starr, she explains why we have the right to participate in civil disobedience. â€Å"The U.S. Bill of Rights asserts that the authority of a government is derived from the consent of the governed, and whenever any formRead MoreEssay on Civil Disobedience1397 Words   |  6 Pageshistory, human beings have participated in acts of civil disobedience. However, in the last two centuries the belief and practice of it has been in full swing and has even brought on major historical events, especially concerning equal rights and just laws. Three major firm believers and activists in civil disobedience were Henry David Thoreau, Martin Luther King Jr., and Gandhi. All three of these men participated in acts of civil disobedience but each in his own way and for different reasonsRead MoreCivil Dis obedience Or Obedience?885 Words   |  4 PagesLaKyia Scott Professor Nelson English 1302 09 February 2015 Civil Disobedience or Obedience INTRODUCTION Civil disobedience is defined as the â€Å"refusal to obey civil laws in an effort to induce change in government policy or legislation, characterized by nonviolent means†; theories on this topic have been debated for centuries. (American Heritage Dictionary 3rd Edition pg161) Henry David Thoreau was well known for his refusal to participate in the political systems or activities of his era,Read MoreCivil Disobedience, By Thoreau870 Words   |  4 PagesCivil disobedience is the refusal to obey civil laws in an effort to induce change in governmental policy or legislation. Thoreau s infamous ideas on Civil Disobedience, written in 1849, have been monumental in the fight for change. It has helped influence change anywhere from the 1940s fight against Danish resistance, to the 1950s and McCarthyism. Thoreau s words have helped lead the way to freedom. It has made the people of the world think about how they are being governed and how theyRead MoreCivil Disobedience in Ameri ca1044 Words   |  4 Pagesobedient includes: religious beliefs, background, and work ethics. Civil disobedience played a large role in America. Creating protests, riots, and sit-ins, America had many examples of disobedience. In America, we value our rights as citizens and individuals. We have the right to protest as stated in the first amendment of the United States Constitution, which is called Freedom of Speech. According to the Webster Dictionary, civil disobedience is said to be â€Å"the refusal to obey government demands or commandsRead MoreEssay on Civil Disobedience738 Words   |  3 PagesCivil Disobedience Henry Thoreau wrote an essay about it in the 19th century. Martin Luther King, Jr. preached it in the South. Mahatma Gandhi encouraged it in India. Nelson Mandela went to jail for promoting it. The Bible says that Paul, Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego were all guilty of it. According wikipedia.org, civil disobedience encompasses the active refusal to obey certain laws, demands and commands of a government or of an occupying power without resorting to physical violenceRead MoreThoreau On Civil Disobedience1458 Words   |  6 PagesKonstantin Keller Anne Portman Philosophy 2010 4 December 2015 Thoreau on Civil Disobedience In Civil Disobedience, Henry Thoreau asserts that one should prioritize one’s conscience over the dictates of law. Thoreau begins his essay by arguing that government is rarely useful and that its power comes merely from the fact that the government is the strongest group, rather than because they hold the most correct viewpoint. He believes that people are obligated to do what they think is right and toRead MoreEssay on Civil Disobedience1532 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Civil disobedience is the term assigned to actions taken by individuals to sway public opinion about laws that individuals deem unfair or unjust. Actions taken are usually nonviolent, and can include sit-ins, mass demonstrations, picket lines, and marches. Citizens are acting on their consciences, demonstrating highly advanced moral reasoning skills. Generally, these advanced skills fall into Kohlberg’s Six Stages of Moral Development, Stage Five and Six in particular. Characteristics ofRead MoreCivil Disobedience And The Apartheid1428 Words   |  6 Pages Throughout history, civil disobedience has been used to bring about change across a wide variety of civil rights issues. In India, Mahatma Gandhi used civil disobedience to nonviolently protest against the British Raj and, after a thirty-year struggle, earn independence both for himself and his people. In the United States, Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. employed civil disobedience to overcome both the Jim Crow laws that had oppressed the African-American minority and the systemic racism that was

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Women During The Nineteenth Century - 1674 Words

Historically, American women in the nineteenth century lived in an age distinguished by gender inequality. Men were expected to live a public life, whether it was working or socializing with other individuals. On the other hand, women were usually expected to live their lives at home. Free time for women was not supposed to be spent living a public life but doing other things related to caring the family. A woman s ideal role revolving entirely around her domestic responsibilities has started in the past. Women were valued little by the nineteenth century society. The husband and father was the only â€Å"person† recognized by law and all rights over the property. Also, women were not able to perform in society with men. Women were supposed to be private and pretty much isolated from society. As a result, women were a big part of the household and therefore it was seen as their job to take care of the family. To start with, there is a stereotype called â€Å"a women s place is in the home had determined many of the ways women had expressed themselves. As women would generally expected to stay home and care for the children, society at that time pressured women to become wives and mothers which prevented women from pursuing careers and further their education to go to college. For example, women were to be married by twenty one years old and expected to begin having children right after. Marriage was viewed as a profession open to middle class women. Because of that,the idea wasShow MoreRelatedWomen During The Nineteenth Century1562 Words   |  7 PagesWomen both in Europe and America during the nineteenth century were living in a society that was characterised by gender inequality (Wwnorton.com, 2015). In the early periods of the century, women were expected to remain passive and subservient to the male counterparts. They were denied many of the legal, social, or even political rights , which in the modern world we consider as a right (Wwnorton.com, 2015). Thus, generally speaking women who belonged to the middle and upper classes remained home;Read MoreWomen During The Nineteenth Century1187 Words   |  5 PagesIn the nineteenth century, society believed that women were physically weak, timid, and dependent on their husbands. Many people viewed women as domestic workers caring for their husband and children. Men had to go out and do physical labor all day to provide for their family. During the 1840 to the late 1860s, an era of westward expansion took place in the United States. Many families wanted to go west because there were unclaimed land in Oregon. Many families packed their belongings on a coveredRead MoreWomen During The Nineteenth Century Essay991 Words   |  4 PagesWomen began standing up for themselves using literature in the nineteenth century. The time periods of the feminism booms were called waves. There are three waves of feminism starting f rom the nineteenth century to now. They all occurred in the United Kingdom, Britain, France, and the United States. These waves lead to women getting closer to being treated equal to men. The first wave was in the United Kingdom and the United States within the nineteenth century to the early twentieth century. ThisRead MoreWomen During The Nineteenth Century2648 Words   |  11 Pagesdone in home by family and neighbors, to women coming out of the home and onto the battlefront to care for wounded men. These women were usually the wives, daughters, and mothers of the men fighting, because without them at home to provide for them the women could not sustain their families. Since these women followed the soldier’s camps through the war they started being incorporated into the care of the wounded men, because the military felt that women would show more compassion to the soldiersRead MoreThe Oppression Of Women During The Nineteenth Century Essay2553 Words   |  11 PagesThe Oppression of Women in the Nineteenth Century Oppression has been a tactic used for thousands of years in order to conquer, enslave, and control those who are different from the social norm. But one group that has been and continues to be oppressed is women. Women make up half of the population and yet men were able to manipulate their lives and create a society that prevented them from being treated fairly and equally, a problem many still face today. The male dominated society that has beenRead MoreRole Of Women During The Nineteenth Century1456 Words   |  6 PagesIn the last decades of the nineteenth century, United Stated encountered an urban migration; it was something different and never experienced before. As factories began to open up across the Midwestern and Northern countryside, cities grew up around them. A whole new world was introduced, bringing a mixture of both positive and negative effects into the American society. While the new elite, big businesses, and the American economy in general, enjoyed the benefit s of industrialization, many AmericansRead MoreWomen During The Nineteenth Century : Women And The Trail Of Tears1676 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the nineteenth century, women and their constitutional rights were compromised based on the division of race and class. Upstanding causation women with powerful husbands and their status as true â€Å"citizens† was the first battle against a male-controlled government as their struggles were made visible. Due to their wealth and the color of their skin, these women were given attention as they protested male supremacy. However, the rare experiences towards women of color (African, Native-Indian)Read MoreWomen s Role During The Nineteenth Century1316 Words   |  6 PagesA Women’s Role in the Nineteenth Century In the mid to late nineteenth century, America was full of potential. Settlers were cultivating the west, blacks that were once captive were no longer enslaved, and a woman’s role in society was undergoing a transformation. The reality of this all was, blacks were not considered equal status with whites, American Indians were being pushed out west and women were still considered second-class citizens. During this century, women were reliant on men for muchRead MoreWomen s Suffrage During The Nineteenth Century Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesemerge during the first half of the nineteenth century. In the United States, a handful of Western states already granted women’s suffrage during the nineteenth century. However, in the majority of states the enfranchisement of women followed only after the nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which granted full voting rights to women in 1920. Similarly, British women gained partial suffrage through the Representation of the People Act of 1918. In the same year, all women over 21Read MoreWomen s Suffrage During The Nineteenth Century1932 Words   |  8 Pageswould be free, and which states should sanction slavery. The debate was resolved—albeit temporarily—by the Compromise of 1850. All the while, women in the United States were also pushing for equality. Although women did not receive the right to vote until the Nineteenth Amendment was passed in 1920, the women s suffrage movement picked up measurable gains during the time around 1850. Most notably there is the first women’s rights convention, held in 1848 in Seneca Falls, New York. This event was spearheaded

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

A Report on Nestle

Question: Describe about porters five forces and corporate strategy? Answer: Porters Five Forces: Keeping the focus upon the global market where Nestle operates in, Porters Five Forces would allow detailed study about the opportunities of the firm in the international market. Threats of New Entrants Although it is a food industry, Nestle is said to face severe threats of new entrants within the market. Irrespective whether domestic or international market, threat exists as it is an industry where barriers to entry are quite low (Jallow, 2009). In the United Kingdom, for instance, number of barriers to entry is considerably low and so many market players may enter and challenge Nestle through their product or pricing offering. Bargaining Power of Consumers Customers of Nestle have higher bargaining power as the brand increasingly depends upon customer appreciation for various products. Moreover, the consumer base in the UK is quite price-sensitive in nature. This increases the bargaining power of customers for Nestle(Lee, Sing-Young and à ªÃ‚ ¹Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ­Ã‹Å"„à ¬Ã‚ ²Ã‚  , 2007). Threat of Substitutes This factor is quite strong for Nestle. Several firms exist in the market that produce similar products as they do at similar price level. Hence, Nestle focuses upon the need to develop products that cannot be imitated by any rival. Industry rivalry The industry rivalry for this company Nestle is quite higher irrespective of the places across the globe. This is even true for the United Kingdom where threat of competition is intense amidst other brands like Kellogs, etc(Mathur and Singh, 2010). Bargaining power of Suppliers The bargaining power of suppliers is quite low particularly in the economically backward countries. Being such a giant market, the company has the ability to bring several businesses to the suppliers and so they have to produce raw materials as per the business outline set by Nestle. Corporate Strategy: To mention about the corporate strategy of Nestle, it has operational pillars such as innovation as well as renovation, effective consumer communication, and operational efficiency, it has growth drivers like focus upon nutritional benefits of customers, their health and wellness, capturing emergent market as well as making positioned products popular, and premiumisation. Nestle is said have some key competitive advantages like unmatched product as well as brand portfolio, development capability, unmatched geographical presence, and increasing concern for people, national culture and people attitude(Renewal strategies at Ericsson, Nestl and Dow Chemical, 2008). This attracts more and more customers towards its brand. These effective strategies are implemented by the firm and these ensure its success within the market. The attribute that makes the firm even stronger is that of its capability of using potential brands to create competitive barriers. Nestle has incredible marketing stra tegies every time it launches new products in the market (Smith, 2012). Their key feature is that Nestle can provide quality as well as affordable products that even satisfy customer effectively. It even beats all its competitors by implementing strategies that are based on unmatched technique of research as well as development abilities. References Jallow, K. (2009). Nestl as corporate citizen: a critique of its Commitment to Africa report.Social Responsibility Journal, 5(4), pp.512-524. Lee, Sing-Young, and à ªÃ‚ ¹Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ­Ã‹Å"„à ¬Ã‚ ²Ã‚  , (2007). The Globalization and Corporate Culture of Nestle and Samsung Electronics in Vietnam.International Commerce and Information Review, 9(4), pp.375-393. Mathur, I. and Singh, M. (2010). Corporate political strategies.Accounting Finance, 51(1), pp.252-277. Renewal strategies at Ericsson, Nestl and Dow Chemical. (2008).Strategic Direction, 24(10), pp.19-20. Smith, E. (2012). Corporate Image and Public Health: An Analysis of the Philip Morris, Kraft, and Nestl Websites.Journal of Health Communication, 17(5), pp.582-600.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Queen Nefertari free essay sample

Queen Nefertari was the wife of Ramses II- the longest ruling pharaoh who reigned in the 19th Dynasty (1295-1255 B. C. ) which was from the 13th to 14th century and he continued to rule on on for seventy years. She married Ramses at the age of thirteen. Nefertari was also one of his many and favorite wives. She produced as many as ten children for Ramses among them two sons named Amonhirwonmef, Prehirwonmef, and two daughters named Merytamon and Mertatum. Her birth parents remain a mystery but it is determined that she is of royal heritage. Nefertari had a brother by the name of Amenmose who was the mayor of Thebes during her rule as queen. She was of high importance and because most portraits or pictures painted by ancient Egyptians are with Ramses II, this may mean she might’ve had a major political influence on Egypt. Queen Nefertari was not the only queen present during the rule of Ramses II, he had a household filled with many queens. We will write a custom essay sample on Queen Nefertari or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His children were estimated at one hundred or more. Nefertari’s disappearance still is considered as a mystery although her tomb has been found and remains a precious treasure to Egypt. It is located in The Valley of the Queens. Ramses referred to Queen Nefertari as the â€Å"most beautiful one† which is one of her many names she is known by. Nefertari Mery-en-Mut name meant â€Å"most beautiful beloved of the goddess Mut. † Her full range of titles were â€Å"Great of praise†, â€Å"Sweet of love†, â€Å"Great royal wife†, â€Å"Lady of charm†, â€Å"Great royal wife, his beloved†, â€Å"Lady of the two lands†, â€Å"Lady of all lands†, â€Å"Wife of strong bull†, â€Å"God’s wife†, â€Å"Lady of upper and lower Egypt. Ramses also referred to his wife as â€Å"The one for whom the sun shines. † Nefertari married Ramses at the tender age of thirteen. Although very young she held the responsibility of being queen very well, going even as far as accompanying Ramses on one or two of his battles. It is said that Nefertari is of royal heritage, but her birth parents remain a mystery. Some Egyptologists think that she was probably the daughter of King Seti I, and thus sister or half sister of Ramses II himself. Other Egyptologists, however, think that her designation as â€Å"Hereditary Princess† might be in some way connected with her being representative of Thebais. The tomb of Queen Nefertari was discovered in 1904 and forbidden to take pictures of. More than 50 tombs mention her name. Nefertari out lived her husband by a number of years which her mummy indicates sh died around 70 years of age. She passed away sometime during Ramses 25 reigned year. After her death Isetnofret became his new principal wife. Queen Nefertari became royal at the age of thirteen and since then she has always been known for that and her beauty.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Influencing Consumer Behavior the changing image of fast food

Introduction Fast-Food providers are developing new strategies to penetrate more market. Examples of such strategies include change of menu, remodeling and redesigning of premises, just to mention but a few. This work highlights the recent strategies made by Burger King and McDonald Fast, as well as how they manipulate the perception, attitude, motivation, and personality of customers.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Influencing Consumer Behavior: the changing image of ‘fast food’ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Burger King’s Strategy Knowing the tastes of their customers, restaurants that provide fast foods have devised marketing strategies that will enable them meet the needs of their customers. While other restaurants are leading the supply of meals that cater for health and fitness of their clients, Burger King is initiating a trend that is new. It is leading in providing its clients with meals whose flavor is comprised of fat and salt. On the other hand, the media and consumer advocacy groups are directing pressure towards McDonald. In response to this criticism, McDonald is providing its clients with health menu offerings that are more healthful. Further more, those clients who want their waistlines trimmed are having their needs being met by other restaurants that are collaborating with organizations such as weight watchers. However, instead of succumbing to such pressure, Burger Kings has moved ahead to find out the kind of customers who eats from its outlets and their exact needs with an intention of ensuring that they are served appropriately (Kurtz, McKenzie and Snow, 2009, p. 156). Although a choice of both the place of eating and what some one should eat may not appear to be a big deal, it entails several factors. Some of the factors that consumers may be influenced with include the cost, what their friends and family members say, where the restaurant is located, the duration the meal takes, and by how the consumers perceive the restaurant and its meals. Burger King had tried to sell low fat menu to its customers on anticipation that it was what they needed. However, the course had to be changed completely. A survey in marketing revealed that 49% of Burger Kings clients were part of the 18% population who had been identified as regular fast food eaters. According to the company executives, 18 – 34 aged men are great sports fans. They have been named Super Fans. They do not only prefer there meals to come along with sauces and meat, but they also prefer it to be served in large portions.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, in a bid to tailor-make a product that suits their needs, Burger King has come up with a new sandwich omelet. The new sandwich omelet is suitable for individuals who would prefer to be gin their day with a hearty breakfast and has seen an improvement of the company’s breakfast sales by about 20% (Kurtz, McKenzie and Snow, 2009, p. 156). Powerful Advertising Besides the new menu items whose target is the Super Fan market, a new promotional strategy has been undertaken by Burger Kings to ensure that its products reach this market. The company had purposed to have a promotional budget that was smaller than that of its rivals. This made it to channel its resources to young men. What followed was a sequence of promotions that were carried out with an attitude. Two adverts were then carried out which enabled Burger Kings to have an 18% increase in its sales volume in comparison to McDonald that registered an increase 7% lower than that of Burger Kings. Since the new promotional method was working greatly, Burger Kings proceeded with another series of adverts through the television and the website. In one of the television adverts, a young man was seen jumping up while maintaining that he was a man. He could then proceed to the Burger King and have a fleshy sandwich. While doing this he could assert that he was too angry that he could not settle for food meant for chicks (Kurtz, McKenzie and Snow, 2009, p. 156). An alternative means that the company has used to penetrate to the market of the Super Fans (young men) has been placing the ads on the mobile websites such as the CBS Sports line where a large number of people who fit the Super Fan profile are reached. Despite stepped up criticisms from various nutrition-based groups, clients like what Burger Kings serves them. Besides, Burger Kings has been able to single out who its clients are, their preferred meals and how to obtain the information from them (Kurtz, McKenzie and Snow, 2009, p. 156). Remodel of Restaurants Burger Kings is the main competitor to McDonald’s (Campbell, 1979, p. 51; Haig, 2006, p. 94). These entail red flame chandeliers that rotate, great television screens an d walls of brick. The move was meant to give Burger Kings the feeling of an upscale restaurant. The move was also expected to cost Franchisees who run a greater portion of Burger King’s business.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Influencing Consumer Behavior: the changing image of ‘fast food’ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It may take the company several years for the plan to be adopted in all of its locations. There has been a climb in sales for both the restaurants that have been remodeled and those that were torn and have been completely rebuilt. However, the latter have registered a greater improvement in sales than the former. The company has plans to make all new restaurants be built based on the plan. Observers have already noted that the new remodel may appeal more to the Burger Kings’ young men who are more loyal to the company. Although drive through and carry out order s form a greater percentage of the fast – food restaurants’ business, interior remodeling makes them be able to compete with their sit down counterparts who attract more customers as a result of their attractive ambiance and quality meals. This may also enable Burger Kings be able to outdo its greatest competitor, McDonald and other rivals who have began including burgers in their menu so as to gain a share from the ever growing burger market (Royle, 2000, p. 26). Although most of these changes are inside the restaurants, Burger Kings has plans to change the exteriors also with both metal canopies and great advertising signs. Moreover, the company is adjusting its menu by adding cheeseburger to its menu in the United States. This is apart from its decisions to introduce energy cutting broiler ovens. More menu items are to be rolled out in future (Heher, 2010). Burger King’s plan on Beer The plans by Burger King’s to introduce alcoholic beverages came when there were reports that sales from the restaurant industry had declined. The sale of Burger King’s beer is to be done through whooper bars. The company’s move to taste the sale of alcoholic beverages is not a new. This is because during the year before, besides selling coffee and tea, Starbucks was inspired to introduce regional beer and wine. On the hand Spain’s Burger King has been selling beer (Harriman, 2007, p. 56).Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By launching into the arena of fast-dining dining, Burger King is targeting the population of people aged 30 years and below since, the industry’s growth is mainly dependent on this. However, critics assert that the move could be tricky since most people understand Burger King to be a Fast-Foods dealer (Horovitz, 2010). However, pro-Burger King’s people say that the move to introduce the beer is timely because given the company’s customer is growing old, Burger King is growing with the customer. More so, the company’s challenge lies in training new staff to sell alcohol.Already, Germany, Venezuela and Singapore Burger Kings sell beer. There has yet been no reported improvement in sales due to the company’s move. Besides, Burger Kings plans to deliver all its items with an exception of beer (Horovitz, 2010). Although the introduction of a new product is step in the Category Management Process, its realization is still partial. Most producers still h ave a focus on introduction of new products and this is likely to go on in future. This is because the customers’ acceptance of the new product determines the success or failure of the product introduced (Kracklauer, Mills and Seifert, 2004, p. 166). Burger King’s introduction of beer in the United States may be motivated by the fact that since the customers in Singapore, Germany, and Venezuela use it, the customers in the United States will as well accept its introduction. Producers will therefore remain worried of cooperating with retailers on introductions of new product since this could make their rivals aware and hence minimize their competitive advantage. McDonald’s Strategy The Manhattan McDonald restaurant has been renovated to take after the form of those in the United Kingdom and France. The restaurant has places where laptops can be positioned and the upholstered vinyl chairs have replaced Fiberglass seats that used to be fixed to the floor. Additiona lly, the lighting is subdued and all employees seem to suggest a hip boutique from their black uniforms (The Associated Press, 2009). What makes the restaurant look unique from all others McDonald’s is its beautiful and lounge-like appearance. The new look of the restaurant targets the young people and is meant to make them get relaxed over a newspaper and not feel rushed when in. McDonald’s spokesperson asserted that although most of the company’s 14,000 restaurants had been updated, although in the United States, the Chelsea location was the first to be accorded the urban design. The new look has enabled customers to be able to multitask while in the restaurant. For instance, while eating, one can log his laptop on and do some other tasks. The growth of McDonald’s in Europe can be attributed to not only the redesigning of the restaurants but also to its menu items. The strategy has enabled McDonald’s to record an increase in sales even during the recession (The Associated Press, 2009). There is no difference in menu at Chelsea McDonald’s and that from other locations. Differences are in the way the restaurant has been internally designed and decorated. The restaurant has tables of small size made for small groups of clients who may want to hold informal meetings. One of the McDonald’s New York restaurants has a grand piano displayed to the public. McDonald’s redesigning is not in reaction to any other brand. It is McDonald’s initiative (The Associated Press, 2009). The redesigning concept that McDonald’s has undergone is about the community center phenomenon that is making the McDonald a place where young people can hang out. McDonald’s had to start focusing more on show casing and the eating experience as a way of it coping with the trend of slow – food. Since France took the lead in the redesigning of McDonald, attempts have been made to ensure that its core customers compr ises of not only young adults but also young professionals. Olive and sage green are also to replace the company’s emblematic red and yellow colors (Design Woo, 2010). . The redesigning of McDonald’s enabled the company to introduce three main areas that would enable customers to have more choices. The three areas comprised of comfortable armchairs and sofa sets found in the â€Å"linger area,† the bar-like-zone for customers who prefer to eat alone and the family region that comprises of a colorful and flexible ambience where families can sit and enjoy meals. About seven thousand restaurants in the United States are to undergo rebuilding or modernizing. The company’s approach has been given a three dimensional expansion approach. These include changes in menu, renovation of the stores and a different ordering experience (Design Woo, 2010). Understanding Consumer’s Behavior and Personality Personality is the inner attribute that show how someone re sponds to his/her surrounding (Reynolds and Kamphaus, 2003, p. 53; Lauwers and Swisher, 2010). Particular characteristics, traits and mannerisms constitute inner attributes. Although people may possess similar traits, they cannot have all identical aspects. Since the environmental, circumstantial, socio-cultural, and psychological factors that influence behavior vary, the consumption behavior of customers often varies. Individuals interact with different circumstances and this makes them to manifest different patterns of behavior. There are two main implications for personality aspects in marketing. First, specific behaviors of customers such as the kind of brand that they will buy cannot be anticipated by single measures of their personality traits. Secondly, a different behavior is exhibited by consumers when either their purchase is being observed by other people or when they are making purchases in the company of their friends or relatives (Majumdar, 2010, p. 106). Put in a diff erent way, both situational variables and presence of other people bring about social pressure on the decisions revolving about making product choices. This is due to the interaction between the presence of others and situational variables with the consumer’s personality. Although personality is generally consistent and may depict the uniqueness of an individual, however some major events in life may cause it to change over time. There are two implications for personality on marketing. First, it influences how people may consume a given product or service. This includes its influence on consumers’ brand choices and the response of a consumer to marketing and advertising attempts by the marketer. Secondly, it gives marketers guidelines on hoe they should categorize consumers based on their traits. How McDonald’s strategies match consumer behavior and personality Therefore, cognizance of the trends in consumer behavior and personality patterns, both McDonalds and Burger King’s has devised marketing strategies that fit them. On one hand, McDonald’s has partitioned its new redesigned restaurants into three parts. The comfortable place with sofa sets and armchairs are designed for those clients who may not be in a hurry and prefer eating from comfortable sitting positions. These are consumers with a high need for cognition. This will therefore make them order meals that will enable them linger in this area for a long time. Those customers who prefer eating alone have their own area catered for them. Individuals who prefer eating in the presence of their fellow family members have their family region tailor made for them. There are cases at McDonald’s restaurant in Beijing of young couples or teenagers lingering in the restaurant. This is because they consider the surrounding to romantic for them. Women also tend to stay there for long whether they are alone or in company. Lonely men tend to eat hurriedly and leave. Differen ces in this behavior across gender is said to be due to the absence of alcohol (Counihan, 2008, p. 513). Those clients who would prefer to eat while doing some other task like reading a newspaper or working with their laptops have outfits on eateries where they can do all these tasks from. Customers who prefer music as their hobby have their needs catered for due to the presence of a grand piano that is displayed to people outside through one of the McDonald restaurant’s windows. Use of music has the ability to attract clients with similar traits (Madura, 2006, p. 531). Music has different impacts on the customer. For example, country, western and Classical music can help to enhance ambiance. Slow music can entice clients to linger in the restaurant and eat more for while fast music will enable them eat quickly and leave the store for others (Lamb, Hair and McDaniel, 2007, p. 426). McDonald’ move to introduce a playing ground for children and new items on its menu is a strategy to attract more customers (Bloomberg, 2006; Solomon, 2005, p. 206; Nelson, 2009, p. 96). The move is likely to make more clients come in as families due to presence of places where children can play and then eat. The new menu is meant to reach out to those customers who have different tastes or like making more choices. The use of red and yellow colors serves as a tool of attracting the attention of customers and pulling them to the excitement of its surrounding. The restaurant has also introduced a unique lighting system. Although this can also affect consumer choice behavior, more research is yet to be done to ascertain how this actually takes place (Marshall, 1995, p. 304). How Burger King’s strategies match consumer behavior and personality Burger King’s CEO is known for devising marketing strategies that increase the company’s sales (Pride and Ferrell, 2008, p. 57). Its aggressive advertising through the commercials on television targeting the Sup er Fans saw the company record high sales. The same was also observed through its promotions on websites on mobiles phones. Besides, its recent internal remodeling of its restaurants in most of its locations has also led to an increase in sales. The remodeled image of the internal environment changes the perception of consumers in several ways. First, the appearance is attractive and it has cost Burger King a lot of money. This has given it an executive look that is mainly attractive to the upper class customers who are quick to identify with such a restaurant that matches their economic status for instance the Thailand restaurant (Spooner, Borrowman and Baldwin, 2007). Secondly, the remodeling has given the restaurant a friendly internal ambiance that makes the customers present to linger in for more time. As this happens, they continue to buy more meals from the menu and in the long run increase its sales. Thirdly, the commercials directed to the young men make them feel superior and change their attitude towards the meals offered by the Burger Kings restaurant where they flood to continue buying more. Advertising through the mobile phone websites is also another way of targeting the youth since most of them can access mobile phones. This is also a relevant media of advertising to them (Donovan and Henley, 2010, p. 355; Koplan, 2010, p. 215). This is strategic because it targets the youth who are likely to use the company’s product. The internet is a non-personal form of advertisement that cannot only increase the awareness of clients, but can also persuade them (Madura, 2006, p. 531). Burger King’s promotional efforts have targeted different forms of personalities. Such a category of personalities is the dogmatic personality. This personality is for people who are rigid and do not show a tendency of accepting the choices made or suggested by others (Sahaf, 2008, p. 113). Messages that these consumers are receptive to are those that focus on as pects like factual differences and possible benefits of the products. Therefore, to influence their choices, celebrity endorsements are often used. In ensuring that its promotional message gets to this category of clients, Burger King’s advertising features a young man who asserts to be a man and then goes for the company’s sandwich cheese instead of any other food. Comparisons with other fast-food competitors in influencing consumer behavior In, the above-described firms are among the key multinational-based companies in the fast-food market. Various emerging market companies within the same market provide similar services. Being local does not only mean having a presence that is locally established, but also having a local knowledge that is superior with regard to tastes and differences of consumers within a given region. Survival of local brands is therefore dependent on leveraging of this superiority. By being local, some of the strengths available are reduced prod uction costs, being able to make quick decisions and moves that are pre-emptive, possibility of collaborating with international competitors and that of counterattacking (Batra, 1999, p. 226-227). An example of such a home based fast-food provider in Philippines is Jollibee. It has given McDonald (a global competitor) a great challenge in the home (Philippine) market. 75% of the burger market and 56% of fast food business is owned by Jollibee in its home market where McDonald operates as well. This has been achieved mainly customizing and tailor making its services, delivery standards, and menu to suit the needs of its local customers. This has really attracted many consumers to the firm. It has made it to maintain its market share against McDonald, which has only 19% of the same market (Batra, 1999, p. 227). Additionally, McDonald’s and other competitors, in a bid to increase profits through influencing consumer behavior is their introduction of new menu products which have often led to sales increase (Ferrante, 2008, p. 150). Relationship with theories of Consumer behavior Burger King was following Pavlov’s theory on Classical conditioning, which states that presenting the same stimuli to an organism continuously produces similar repeated response from it (Raji, 2007, p. 33). Therefore, in this case, two kinds of promotions were used as marketing stimuli and after they had led to increased sales, the company decided to use advertising as another marketing stimulus again. On the other hand, B.F. Skinner’s instrumental learning was carried out by placing a cat in closed box. In its attempt to get out of the box, the cat had to press a spring that either released food or let it to move out. By doing this repeatedly, the cat made a distinction between the spring and other levers, making it to keep on pressing it. Slow learning resulted from the reinforcement (Raji, 2007, p. 33). In the same way, the intense advertising done by Barger Kings t o reach out to the young men (Super fans) was done repeatedly in manner that made them make a strong association between the new omelet sandwich and its nutritional significance to those who used it. In addition, the cognitive learning theory states that learning is enhanced when a person’s cognition is restructured according to the problem. The person solves a problem using systematic reasoning and mental activity. When a person encounters a problem, he gathers information that can be used in the formation of both attitude and experience towards the object. For example, using intelligence and problem-solving skills, a consumer can end up buying a product that they have never bought before. Thus, before making a purchasing decision, they will make an evaluation of the psychological, economic, and sociological factors (Raji, 2007, p. 36-37). For example, the remodeling of the McDonald’s restaurants creates a serene and romantic environment to the young people who see it as a facility to address their social needs. In addition, customers purchase newly introduced meals from these fast-food providers since they can attribute the goodness and quality of the previous products to the new ones. Moreover, observational is learning by imitation. It explains how consumers acquire new behavioral patterns by watching what other do and then using it in their own situations (Nelissen, 2002, p. 311). For example, McDonald’s redesigning of the restaurant into an area that is for customers who prefer dining in the presence of others may result observational learning. Some customers may decide on what to eat based on what other customers in the same place are having. In addition, the increase in Burger King’s sales was as a result of young men imitating what they saw from the series of television adverts on its new product – omelet sandwich. Conclusion Most fast-food companies have devised strategies that tend to influence and motivate the cho ices, behavior, and personalities of customers. Burger King has remodeled its restaurant and has introduced some changes on the menu. The company has used television and internet advertising to get its message to the target audience. On the other hand, McDonald’s has rebuilt some of its restaurants with outfits that attract more clients. These include change of color, furnish, menu and introduction of both music and children’s playing ground. All these strategies have led to increase in sales volume for the two companies. This is because they have the ability to manipulate the perceptions, learning, attitude formation, and purchasing behavior of consumers. References List Batra, R. 1999. Marketing Issues in Transitional Economies. Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Bloomberg. 2006. Mickey D’s McMakeover. Web. Available from: http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_20/b3984065.htm . Campbell, M.J., 1979. Orange Coast Magazine, Vol. 5, No. 4. NY: E mmis Communications. Web. Available from: https://books.google.com/books?id=Zg0EAAAAMBAJpg=PA51dq=Burger+Kings+has+added+burger+cheese+to+its+menuhl=enei=wAJLTajcDYK28QPa8qjDDwsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=3ved=0CDMQ6AEwAg#v=onepageqf=false . Counihan, C., 2008. Food and Culture: a Reader. New York: Routledge. Web. Available from: https://books.google.com/books?id=g34aeDfVIdECpg=PA513dq=McDonald%27s++consumers+can+eat+while+reading+newspapershl=enei=VelKTY6IA4XZ4gap1cW7Cwsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=3ved=0CDYQ6AEwAg#v=onepageqf=false . Design Woo. 2010. McDonald’s Redesign: a New Era for Fast-Food Restaurants. Web. Available from: http://www.designwoo.com/2010/10/mcdonalds-redesign-a-new-era-for-fast-food-restaurants/ . Donovan, R. and Henley, N., 2010. Principles and Practice of Social Marketing: An International Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ferrante, J. 2008. Sociology: A global Perspective. Belmont: Thomson Wadsworth. Haig, M., 2006. Brand R oyalty: How the World’s Top 100 Brands Thrive Survive. London: Kogan Page Limited. Harriman, C., 2007. Take Your Kids to Europe: How to Travel Safely (and Sanely) in Europe with Your Children. Guilford: Globe Pequot Press. Heher, A.M., 2010. The Huffington Post: Burger King Plans Edgy, Futuristic Remodel of Restaurants. Web. Available from: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/10/06/burger-king-plans-edgy-fu_n_311830.html . Horovitz, B., 2010. Burger King plans beer-selling Whopper Bar in South Beach. Web. Available from: http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/food/2010-01-21-burger-king-beer_N.htm . Koplan, J. 2010. Progress in preventing childhood obesity: how do we measure up? Washington DC: The National Academies Press. Kracklauer, A. Mills, D. and Seifert, D., 2004. Collaborative customer relationship management: taking CRM to the next level. Boston: Springer. Kurtz, D. McKenzie, H. and Snow, K., 2009. Contemporary Marketing. Ontario: Cengage learning. Lamb, C. Hair, J. and McDaniel, C., 2007. Marketing. Mason: Cengage Learning. Lauwers, J. and Swisher, A., 2010. Counseling the Nursing Mother. Ontario: Jones and Bartlett learning. Madura, J., 2006. Introduction to Business. Mason: Thompson Learning Inc. Majumdar, R., 2010. Consumer Behavior: Insights from Indian Market. New Delhi: PHI Learning. Marshall, D., 1995. Food Choice and the Consumer. London: Blackie Academic and Professional. Nelson, M.K., 2009. Who’s watching? Daily practices of surveillance among contemporary families. Nashville, Tennessee: Vanderbilt University Press. Nelissen, W. 2002. Marketing for suitability: Towards Transactional Policy Making. Amsterdam: IOS Press Pride, W.M. and Ferrell, O.C., 2008. Marketing. Mason: Cengage Learning. Raji, P.T. 2007. Consumers’ buying secrets revealed. Ebookboxs. Web. Available from https://books.google.com/books?id=hPpF5fKdeAUCpg=PA33dq=classical+conditioning+theory+marketinghl=enei=doxfTdDaJsKK5Ab94Ky9CQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=res ultresnum=6ved=0CEUQ6AEwBQ#v=onepageq=classical%20conditioning%20theory%20marketingf=false . Reynolds, C.R. and Kamphaus, R.W., 2003. Handbook of psychological and educational assessment of children. NY: Guilford Press. Royle, T., 2000. Working for McDonald’s in Europe: the Unequal Struggle. New York: Routledge. Sahaf, M.A., 2008. Strategic Marketing: Making Decisions for Strategic Advantage. New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India. Solomon, S.G., 2005. American playgrounds: Revitalizing Community Space. Lebanon: University Press of New England. Spooner, A. Borrowman, H. and Baldwin, W., 2007. Thailand. NY: Foot prints Travel Guides. The Associated Press. 2009. Foreign operation methods: theory, analysis, strategy. Web. Available from: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/34019334/ns/business-us_business/ . This assessment on Influencing Consumer Behavior: the changing image of ‘fast food’ was written and submitted by user Brotherhood of Evil Mutants to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Biography of Spiro Agnew, Vice President Who Resigned

Biography of Spiro Agnew, Vice President Who Resigned Spiro T. Agnew was a little known Republican politician from Maryland whose unlikely ascent to the vice presidency prompted many Americans in the late 1960s to wonder Spiro who? Agnew  was an unremarkable figure known to speak in a deadening monotone who was nonetheless notorious for his combative relationship with the press and unwavering loyalty to his boss, President Richard M. Nixon. He once referred to journalists as a tiny, enclosed fraternity of privileged men elected by no one† and to Nixons critics as â€Å"nattering nabobs of negativism.†Ã‚   Agnew is perhaps most well-known for the end of his career. He was forced to resign from office after being charged with extortion, bribery and conspiracy and pleading no contest to income-tax evasion in 1973.   Early Years Spiro Theodore Agnew (also known as Ted)  was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on Nov. 9, 1918. His father, Theophrastos Anagnostopoulos, had immigrated to the U.S. from Greece in 1897 and changed his surname. The elder Agnew sold produce before entering the restaurant business. His mother was American, a native of Virginia.   Spiro Agnew attended the public schools in Baltimore and entered  Johns Hopkins University to study chemistry in 1937. He transferred out of the prestigious school after struggling academically and enrolled at the  University of Baltimore Law School. He earned his law degree, but only after being drafted into the Army during World War II.  He returned to law school after being discharged and received his law degree in 1947, then went on to practice law in Baltimore. Early Career in Politics Agnew was little known outside of his home state of Maryland before Nixon chose him as a running mate. His first foray into politics came in 1957 when he was appointed to  the Baltimore County zoning appeals board, on which he served three years. He ran and lost for a judgeship in 1960, then won the Baltimore County executive position two years later. (The position is similar to that of mayor of a city.) During Agnews tenure, the county enacted a law requiring restaurants and other establishments to be to be open to customers of all races, built new schools and increased teacher salaries. He was, in other words, a progressive Republican. After creating a name for himself in the populous Maryland County, Agnew sought and won the Republican gubernatorial nomination in 1966. He beat a Democratic candidate,  George Mahoney, who supported segregation and campaigned on the slogan  Your Home Is Your Castle- Protect It. Charging Mahoney with racial bigotry, Agnew captured the liberal suburbs around Washington and was elected governor, Agnews Senate biography reads. But he would serve as governor for fewer than two years before he caught to eye of his partys presidential hopeful, Nixon. Rise to the Vice Presidency Nixon chose Agnew as  a running mate in the campaign of 1968, a decision that was controversial and unpopular with the Republican Party. The GOP viewed the progressive urban politician with suspicion. Nixon responded by describing Agnew as  one of the most underrated political men in America,  an old fashioned patriot† who, having been raised and elected in Baltimore, was a master strategist on urban issues. â€Å"There can be a mystique about a man. You can look him in the eye and know hes got it. This guy has got it, Nixon said in defense of his choice for running mate. Agnew was elected vice president in 1968; he and Nixon were  re-elected to second term in 1972. In 1973, as the Watergate investigation was churning toward a denouement that would force the resignation of Nixon, Agnew ran into legal trouble. Criminal Charge and Resignation Agnew was facing possible impeachment or criminal charges in 1973 for allegedly accepting payoffs from contractors when he served as Baltimore County executive and vice president. But he remained defiant in the face of a grand jurys investigation.  I will not resign if indicted! I will not resign if indicted! he proclaimed. But evidence that he  evaded  paying his income taxes- he was accused of failing to report $29,500 in income- soon led to his downfall. He resigned from office on Oct. 10, 1973, under a plea deal that allowed him to avoid prison time. In a formal statement to  Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, Agnew stated: I hereby resign the office of Vice President of the United States, effective immediately. A judge sentenced Agnew to  three years of probation and fined him $10,000. Nixon became the first president in U.S. history to use the  25th Amendment  to appoint a successor to the position of vice president,  House Minority Leader  Gerald  Ford. The amendment establishes the  orderly transfer of power  for replacing the president and vice president in the event they die in office, quit or are  impeached. The prosecution of the case removed Agnew from the presidential line of succession, which turned out to be a fateful decision. Nixon was forced to resign less than a year later, in August 1994, amid the Watergate scandal, and Ford took over the presidency. Agnews resignation was only the second by a vice president. (The first took place in 1832, when Vice President John C. Calhoun resigned the office to take a U.S. Senate seat.) Marriage and Personal Life Angew married  Elinor Isabel Judefind in 1942, whom he met while employed at an insurance company during his law-school years. The couple went to a movie and for chocolate milkshakes on their first date and discovered they had grown up four blocks apart. The Agnews had four children: Pamela, Susan, Kimberly, and James. Agnew died of leukemia in Berlin, Maryland, at the age of 77. Legacy Agnew will forever be know for his rapid ascent from obscurity to national prominence and his scathing attacks on the news media and polemics on society and culture. He was critical of efforts to lift Americas economically disadvantaged out of systemic poverty and of civil-rights protestors in the tumultuous late 1960s. He frequently used derogatory slurs, such as,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"If youve seen one city slum, youve seen them all.† Agnew reserved much of his ire for members of the news media. He was among the first politicians to accuse journalists of bias.   Spiro Agnew Fast Facts Full Name: Spiro Theodore AgnewAlso Known As: TedKnown For: Serving as vice president under Richard M. Nixon and resigning for tax evasionBorn:  Nov. 9, 1918 in Baltimore, Maryland, USAParents Names:  Theophrastos Anagnostopoulos, who changed his surname to Agnew, and  Margaret Marian Pollard AgnewDied:  Sept. 17, 1996 in  Berlin, Maryland, USAEducation: Law degree from the University of Baltimore Law School, 1947Key Accomplishments: Enacted a law in Baltimore County requiring restaurants and other establishments to be to be open to customers of all races, built new schools and increased teacher salariesSpouse Name:  Elinor Isabel JudefindChildrens Names:  Pamela, Susan, Kimberly and JamesFamous Quote:  In the United States today, we have more than our share of the nattering nabobs of negativism.  They have formed their own 4-H club  -   the hopeless, hysterical hypochondriacs of history.   Sources Hatfield, Mark O.  Vice Presidents of the United States, 1789-1993. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997.Naughton, James M. Agnew Quits Vice Presidency And Admits Tax Evasion In 67; Nixon Consults On Successor. The New York Times. 11 October 1973.  https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/1010.htmlSpiro T. Agnew, Ex-Vice President, Dies at 77. The New York Times. 18 September, 1996.  https://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/18/us/spiro-t-agnew-ex-vice-president-dies-at-77.html

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Depression Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Depression - Research Paper Example If there was one word that could be used as an umbrella term to cover all the feelings resulting from depression that would be â€Å"hopelessness†. Depression is a serious disorder but can be treated if adequate measures are taken in time without delay. Learning about the potential causes, signs and symptoms of depression is indeed, the very first step in the way towards its resolution, treatment and prevention. What is depression? Depression is essentially an illness which affects and takes control of an individual’s mood, thoughts and the whole body. Under the influence of depression, an individual becomes pessimistic in his/her approach towards himself/herself and his/her eating and sleeping habits are particularly affected. Many people suffering from depression take eating as a means to escape depression. In their attempt to relieve their tension, they seek refuge in the taste of food. The resulting overeating makes them gain weight and many end up becoming obese. W here food intake is increased, there is a significant decrease in the amount of sleep. People suffering from depression either can not sleep or have nightmares when they sleep. They are haunted by ferocious dreams which interrupt the sleep. It is not possible for an individual that has a depressive disease to â€Å"pull himself/herself together† and start feeling better. ... There are four major kinds of depression, namely major depression, atypical depression, dysthemia, and seasonal affective disorder. They are explained below: 1. Major depression Thus type of depression is largely characterized by an individual’s lack of tendency to feel pleasure in life. The lack of enjoyment is persistent and uninterrupted. This makes the depression aggravate with the passage of time. However, even if no treatment is taken, major depression usually occupies the patient for 6 months. Most of the people experience a single episode of depression in their whole life. The disorder is generally recurring but there are medicines and treatment to minimize the recurrence. In the West, major depression is the No. 1 psychological disorder in the contemporary age (clinical-depression.co.uk, 2011) which is increasing among all communities and age groups, particularly among the youth. It is estimated that by 2020, major depression will be the second most disabling disorder in addition to the heart disease. In order to fight major depression, most patients resort to the use of antidepressants. They are undoubtedly effective in providing an individual with immediate relief, though they do little to guarantee the individual depression free life. 2. Atypical depression It is essentially a subtype of the major depression. Atypical depression is characterized by a particular symptom pattern that is inclusive of a temporal shift in mood as a result of positive events. An individual suffering from atypical depression feels good when he/she hears good news or when he/she hangs out with peers or friends. Nonetheless, the temporary emotional boost is ephemeral. The potential symptoms of atypical depression include but are not limited to increase of

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Short essay philosophy Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Short philosophy - Essay Example He believed in the ability of man to do good. His philosophy entailed the inability of man to be evil. Socrates held that all the evil that occurred in the world did so because of the ignorance of man. The exact dates of the birth of the Buddha have been a subject of debate among historians; however, he lived in India during the fifth century B.C. his philosophy is similar to that of Hinduism. He emphasized on the importance of gaining freedom from desire. This he believed, would grant man freedom from the cycle of life and death to which one was confined otherwise. Man’s salvation lay in a detachment from worldly affairs. seventeenth century. He believed in the rational nature of being and attempted to arrive at something that he would be able to label as the truth. He believed that thought was the one feature that was unique to man and defined him. The thoughts of a man were what made him what he was. Elizabeth of Bohemia was a contemporary and regular correspondent of Descartes. Her work in philosophy concerns the relationship between the mind and the body. This is related to the work that was produced by Descartes, who worked on the relationship between man and the thoughts that originate in his mind. She however, is critical of the divorce that Descartes effects between the body and the mind and places great emphasis on the effect that both have on each other. The philosophers that have been discussed here belong to different ages and nationalities. Their contributions to the field of philosophy, however, are great. Contemporary researchers and philosophers have been able to see the connections between these different ideologies and in them, man’s eternal quest to understand his own nature and position within the

Sunday, November 17, 2019

What is shadow banking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

What is shadow banking - Essay Example services offered, explains the pros and cons and shows the connection between this new mode of banking and the traditional method (Poszars & manmohan, 2011). The main objective of this study is to explore the concept of shadow banking and show this, i just read your profile and i want to be your pal from Kenya he main underlying ideas behind it. The research focuses on the impacts of this banking and the role of shadow banks in modern contemporary living. It identifies the connection and the place of shadow banks in the future in relation to traditional forms of banks. Banking for several years has followed the traditional banking system which despite the various issues in management and operation has flourished in the industry. Proper lending modes, rates of interests and principles governing loans and investments have been major contests between the banking sectors, the government and the people. Some claim that the rates are high, while others fail to obtain enough amounts of funds for their needs. The government on the other side plays a big role in maintaining a balance in balance of payments which is influenced by the rates of exchange in banks. The introduction of shadow banks has led to a large controversy in the industry based on the foundation of their operations and at the same time offered solutions to the many issues regarding operations in the banking unit (Adrian & Shin, 2009). This is a network of financial institutions such as structured investment vehicles, hedge-funds, conduits, money-market funds, investment banks and non-bank financial institutions whose members are not subject to regulatory limits and laws. They facilitate credit creation in a global financial market whose banks are non-depository. These banks do not accept traditional bank deposits and their activities such as credit default swaps are not regulated. As a result most of the instruments are able to fetch higher market as well as credit and liquidity risks despite lacking

Friday, November 15, 2019

Power Supply In Desktop Computer Engineering Essay

Power Supply In Desktop Computer Engineering Essay Power supplies are used for making computer system weather it is desktop or tower to it is laptop it is must used. Here only desktop based computers power supplies are mentioned. A poor power supply can reduce the life time of a computer system. On the other hand a high quality Power supply can help to reduce the noise or heat generated within a computer system. So we should use good quality power supply but how we can come to know that this is good and this is bad power supply here are some of the points which make power supply good. Now a days power supplies generally work on almost +12V with at least 18A. This can also very for the good performance if the components are also increased. This paper discusses the comparison of old and current power supplies and also about the different types of power supplies that exist in these days. And discuss the specifications, prices and show the diagrams of them. Circuit of todays power supply Power supply mostly consist of transformer, capacitor, rectifier, cables, and connectors etc. the transfer is step down that is sued to covert the 220 voltage into required less voltage and rectifier is sued for the signals and capacitor issued to achieve at max 5 voltage continuously. This is all about the inside working of desktop power supply. There are many other things as well but the most important behavior is all of the discuss above. The internal working of the circuit in accordance to the signal is shown below. Internal working of power supply Schmatic of Todays Power Supply Circuit of old power supply In old power supplies the circuit was almost same and working as also the same but the difference was on the performance of individual components like the transformer do not provide their 100% correct work and we have to use other means of source for that and rectifier was not in the condition to handle the waves as it should be. The above diagram is of one of the old power supply and we can imagine the difference between old and new one by seeing just the internal structure of both the old and new (as above) power supply. First the circuit was complex and now days we have reduce that too. Disadvantage in old days power supply In past the power supplies used in desktop based computer had any issues. Some of them are listed here Noise Cost Power Efficiency Meant time between failures Circuit Size Compatibility Issue Noise: The old power supply had major problem of noise in that. These power supplies were not able to minimize the noise. Cost: These power supplies were also very costly because the circuit in these days were not common so buyer ahs to pay a lot for that. Power Efficiency: It was very poor in power efficiency as compared to now days. The difference was also due to the structure of the mother board as well but it also affects the efficiency of desktop based computers. Compatibility Issue: This can be called as father of all issues as old power supplies has the compatibility issue because if someones power supply break down mean get damage then it was very hard to find the power supply for the same kind of desktop base computer. And the internal structure was so complex that no one can repair else the manufacturer of that. So user has to face many problems due to this. Advantages of current power supply In todays power supplies we have gained a lot of benefits from the power supply which are Low or no Noise Meant time between failures Power Efficiency Low Noise The todays power supplies have reduced the problem of noise as well. To avoid lot of noise then there are a number of options available. The first option is that use larger fans that move more air through the power supplies and from the system as well at slower speed so we do not feel any kind of noise. Another option is that use silent power supplies that has no link with fans and it does not generate any kind of noise. Mean time between Failures For the current power supplies manufacturer have also increase the mean time of usage. And we can use them for large period of time. Because higher the meant time between failure, higher the quality of the power supply we use. Power Efficacy Modern power supplies have also gained the advantage by increasing the power efficiency of computer. As we know that power supplies convert voltages from wall outlets to lower levels in the desktop computer. During this conversion, some power is lost as heat. And the efficiency of desktop computer is determined by how much lower extra power must be put into the power supply to use the computer. And in todays supplies we have to put very low extra power to overcome the heat issue hence in advantage we have gained greater power efficiency.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

The Practical Ways of Spending Money

What is better? To spend money Saving and investing your money for the future is one of the most practical things you can do. This is solid advice, but when you do decide to spend your hard earned money it should be spent on something practical, useful, and meaningful to the wellbeing of your existence. So many people either save their money or blow it on worthless crap. Here are some practical ways to spend your money on something useful: 1.Travel to See the Significant People in Your Life – There may be no better way to spend your money than to use it to nurture and rekindle personal relationships with the most significant people in your life. As time quickly passes, we sometimes forget how essential strong personal relationships are to our mental wellbeing. The older we get the more we need true friends and family to be regular parts of our lives. 2. Hire a Personal Trainer – Your health is your life. Without it, all the success and affluence in the world is meaningl ess.Committing yourself to a regular exercise routine is one of the best ways to maintain the health of your body and mind. Sometimes it’s hard to tackle this endeavor on your own. Spending money on a knowledgeable personal trainer who can set you on the right course creates priceless results. Make sure you stick with the trainer until you are committed to exercising on your own. 3. Fix What Is Broken – Have you been ignoring your screeching brakes? What about the excessively loud hum from your AC compressor?Or the scratching noise coming from your computer system? Sooner or later these small annoyances will wear down the reliability of the product and you will be left with a completely broken product instead of just a halfway broken one. Use your money wisely to fix and maintain your belongings. 4. Educate Yourself – Use your money to purchase educational courses or books pertaining to your career, or to a miscellaneous topic that interests and intrigues you. R emember, knowledge is power and your brain is the container of that knowledge.There are few options for spending money on something more practical than the development and facility of your brain. 5. Add Value to Your Home – Your home should be your sanctuary, the place on this planet where you feel the most comfortable. Adding value to your home , be it personal value or increased monetary value, is always a practical choice for spending your money. If the additions you make increase your level of comfort for years to come, you win. If they increase the value of the home to a third party someday when you sell, you win. If both occur, you win big.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Universal Brotherhood

Theosophical Siftings Universal Brotherhood Vol 2, No 5 Universal Brotherhood by Alexander Fullerton A paper read before the Aryan T. S. of New York, by Alexander Fullerton Published by the Theosophical Publishing Services, Duke Street, Adelphi 1889. Reprinted from â€Å"Theosophical Siftings† Volume 2 The Theosophical Publishing Society, England THE term â€Å"Universal Brotherhood † is obviously an extension to the whole human family of the idea in the word â€Å"brother†, a child of the same parents as is oneself.It suggests at once the thought of equal rights, common interests, mutual affection, and responsive care. Moreover, it incites an exhilarating conception of what might be the state of things throughout the earth if family tenderness were the law of all life, if race and tribal animosities were ended, and if everyone felt a wrong perpetrated on a foreigner as keenly as if perpetrated on a relation. This is the true view of human solidarity, and a vivid apprehension of it would abolish national wars, social outrages, and personal injustice.Its unlimited influence in securing peace and good-will was seen by the founders of the Theosophical Society, and they proclaimed it as the very first of their and its aims, not as a gracious sentiment, not as a pleasing phrase, but as a principle of action, a means of social regeneration. If we did not believe in it, there would be no Aryan society, there would be no meeting tonight. And yet the very fact that it is a principle and not a sentiment warrants some examination into its nature.If a principle, it must have a root, must sustain analogy to other principles, must be capable of practical uses, and also must be subject to limitations and just restrictions. As the term â€Å"Universal Brotherhood † is derivative, we may properly look for these in the primary, and thus infer facts as to the universal human family from facts in the domestic families which epitomize it. Now, when we co me to search for that which constitutes the cohesive influence in a family, we shall find it, I think, to be none other than that which constitutes cohesive influence anywhere else — affinity. It cannot be the mere fact of relationship.That is altogether casual. We do not select our relations, any more than we select our temperament. Nor can it be the closeness of association. That is quite as likely to arouse hostility as friendship; and, indeed, the peculiar bitterness of family quarrels is proverbial. Nor can it be the consciousness of common parentage, for the parents may be distasteful and anything but a source of harmony. Nor can it be the likeness of disposition, for the dissimilarity of traits in children is notorious. Nor is it any necessary oneness of interest, for [Page 4] interests in a household are very apt to be conflicting and to excite animosity.Nor need it be an instinct of union against aggressors, for that would only operate in barbarous communities or tho se under feudal laws. But if it is no one of these things, what is it ? Here, again, we must peer into actual families and so learn. Our own observation will show us that, where the family tie is very strong, it is where the members have the same tastes, ideas, pursuits, aims. Where the family tie is loose, it is where the members have variant convictions, differ in likes and habits, hold to separate standards of faith or duty. Where certain Page 1 Theosophical Siftings Universal BrotherhoodVol 2, No 5 members are in one group and certain others in a second, it is seen that in each case some common sympathy — in opinion, taste, what not — cements the units. And where, as is not infrequently the case, some one member is unlike the rest, and finds his associates wholly without the domestic circle, it is because the family character is not his, and his social wants must be met elsewhere. There is no mystery in any of this; it is all an illustration of the workings of affi nity. And affinity, as every Occult student insists, is like every other force, far stronger in the immaterial regions of mind and oul than on the material plane of flesh and blood. In other words, the attraction between two sympathetic souls is incomparably more powerful than that between two bodies which happen to have had the same parents. But what, still further, is the ground-work for this affinity ? Analyzing affinities, we find that all such as are purely selfish or distinctly bad in quality can be but transient. That rogues will sooner or later fall out is a maxim, but it is no less true that associations for self-interest are fragile just in the degree that each party feels his own interest to be supreme.Conversely, the enduring ties are those between men of finer mould, where principle has recognition and force, where high sentiments of justice and generosity rule, where, in short, egoism is subordinated to altruism. The unity subsisting between the sympathetic members of a household must have its root in such qualities, or it will not last long. The only security for the continuance of affinities is, therefore, in the goodness of each party. If these are the facts in a domestic circle, they must be the facts in the universal human family, the â€Å"Brotherhoodâ€Å" of which Theosophy speaks. Affinity determines the coherence of its particles.We do not expect the sage to consort with the fool, the intelligent to delight in the stupid, the broad minded to sympathize with the petty, the refined with the rough, the generous with the mean, the tactful with the blundering, the cheery with the gruntling Mrs. Gummidges, the high principled with the low principled. Like naturally, and very properly, seeks like. The mere fact that two men each possess a human nature is not of itself a very strong bond, for they may not agree as to what constitutes human nature, or as to its really valuable qualities, or as to the aim of existence or how it is to be pursued .The affinity, and therefore the attraction, begins where a similar opinion, taste, desire, faculty manifests itself, when, as we say, they have [Page 5] â€Å"something in common†. There must be somewhat of interest in a person, or he will not be interesting. So also, in the human brother as in the family brother, the duration of the attraction depends upon the goodness of it. There is every variety of cohesion, from the slight and ephemeral relations on the lowest planes of life to the lofty intimacies of noble souls, such as are immortalized by history in the case of Damon and Pythias, and by sacred writings in the case of Jesus and St.John — may I not add the case of those two exalted beings whom Theosophists revere as the unseen prompters of their own Society, but whose names they do not lightly voice? Let it be understood most unflinchingly that Theosophy demands from each man to all men equal rights, constant courtesy, respect for feelings, kindly consideration, unstinting justice, ready help, unselfish effort. One unerring test of the Theosophic spirit is its persistency in according all these things.It is always the case, however, that the sentiment has to be bridled by reason, and the history of all philanthropic efforts shows that they are futile, if not injurious, where they defy considerations of equal reality, or ignore laws which are just as demonstrable as sympathies. Theosophy would be unique in human experience if it ran no such risks, or if it were always presented with the cool and balanced judgment of well-trained thinkers. Those of you who are au courant with Theosophical writings know how constantly the faculty of discrimination must be kept in use, and with what care one has to guard against Page 2Theosophical Siftings Universal Brotherhood Vol 2, No 5 faulty argument, or extreme positions, or one-sided statements. The doctrine of Universal Brotherhood is particularly an illustration, for it is a noble thought in itself, i t inspires rich pictures of future possibilities, and it holds just the sentiment which to a half-thinker appears unlimited in its scope. Hence, we encounter representations of it sometimes effusive, sometimes dogmatic, sometimes extravagant, very rarely such as are judicious and impartial.Now, in a general way, it may be said that no theory can be correct which of necessity contravenes any laws or facts clearly demonstrated. While the doctrine of Universal Brotherhood may be true, any particular exposition of its use is but a theory, and, as such, is subject to this criterion. We know for instance that justice, truth, the welfare of society, the operation of certain habits in social life, the superiority of principle to impulse, are facts, and that it is a law that they cannot be disregarded without harm. Any plan purporting to disregard them and yet void the harm traverses this law, and so, whatever plausibility it may wear is really fallacious. A true theory of Universal Brotherh ood, one which takes in these and cognates facts and laws, has nothing to fear when confronted with them. But it is in that confronting, that the error of a mistaken theory is brought to view, and, as â€Å"there is no religion higher than truth,† we Theosophists should rejoice in any process which discloses illusion or confirms reality. [Page 6] Let us take an illustration. We not infrequently meet the assertion that, because all men are brothers, tenderness is the only fitting treatment for them.This assumes seven things; ( 1) that all kinds of conduct are entitled to one kind of return; (2) that the same result is produced on unlike characters by a like treatment; (3) that the cultivation of a sense of justice is to be reserved for public officials, and has no place in private development; (4) that no collateral evils result from unmerited sympathy; (5) that we are wiser than Nature as she shows herself in her constant operations; ( 6) that a one-sided culture is better th an such as is symmetrical; ( 7) that a common nature in the lower human principles is more important than a common interest in the higher.Not one of these things is true. It is not the fact that the moral sense views all acts as of equal moral quality, and hence it cannot be the fact that it accords to them a like reward. It is not the fact that diverse natures respond in the same way to the same treatment, as every schoolhouse and every family can testify.It is not the fact that only judges are to cultivate and exhibit a sense of justice, for that sense — which is, indeed, the most abstract of all, the most difficult to attain, and the one indicative of the finest training — is precisely the one most effective in restraining aggression, and especially to be evolved in the interior development of every intelligent disciple. It is not the fact that indiscriminate tenderness draws no evils in its train, as may be shown by the statistics of either pauperism or criminality .It is not the fact that the sentimentalist effects more good than natural law, the whole doctrine of Karma being indirectly to the contrary. It is not the fact that we become more god-like if we educate our sympathies at the expense of our reason, and grow more rounded as we grow more flabby. It is not a fact that we are more truly at one with others because of having a fleshly body than because of a united spirit of life and truth. Nor, indeed, is this theory borne out by the state of things in family brotherhoods.There are good brothers and bad brothers. No one claims that they are to be regarded and treated alike. Much forbearance may naturally be exercised from good-will, but there of ten comes an occasion when the claims of justice, the rights of others, and the well-being of a whole household require that a member Page 3 Theosophical Siftings Universal Brotherhood Vol 2, No 5 shall be exiled and tabooed. Could anything be more monstrous than the claim that a brother, because a brother, was at liberty to ill-treat with impunity the rest of the family ?If your brother steals your property, can he ask you to save him from jail because your brother? You would probably reply that, that was a reason why he should refrain from robbing you, not a reason why he should be allowed to rob you and escape punishment. One can not claim the privileges of a relationship while repudiating its obligations, and it would be strange indeed if, the closer the connection, the more one was at liberty to poison and outrage it. Similarly as to the Universal Brotherhood.There are times when severity is [Page 7] a necessity. The great eternal law of Right is more cogent than any sentimental sympathy; the stern arm of Justice cannot be paralyzed by whimperings or regrets; the far-reaching needs of the whole family are more worthy of regard than the momentary compact of a scamp. We have no right to sacrifice the well- behaved to the ill-behaved, to juggle with the moral sense, to rev erse the moral standard and treat evil as if good. If Theosophy so taught us, it would be anything but a boon.I do not believe that it does. I do not believe that it teaches any doctrines enfeebling to the moral nerves or disastrous to the social life, and if it did, it would be contradicted by its own grand and fundamental principle — Karma, the vindication of justice. And so it is that tenderness is not always a duty. There are occasions when in speech, in act, in cooperative function, we are to resist and rebuke our brothers who are unbrotherly. A man does not lose his claim to proper treatment by becoming aTheosophist, and if he does not lose the claim, he does not lose the right to enforce the claim. Nor, in becoming a Theosophist, does he engage to close his eyes to truth of any kind or in any quarter, or to stupefy any department of his moral system, or to encourage onesidedness and disproportion. Theosophy, I take it, honours Aristides quite as truly as St. John. â₠¬Å"But†, you will say, â€Å"what scope does this leave for the operation of the fraternal sentiment ? † I reply, much every way, more than any of us will be likely to fulfil. Truth is many-sided.There is room for kindly allowance, for generous interpretation, for patience, and interest, and good-will. There is ample range for the philanthropic sentiment, for the fostering of all rich and noble charities, for the sunny beneficence which loves to shed happiness around. It by no means follows that because evil-doers have to be checked, nobody is to be cheered. If the bad forfeit your consideration, there are plenty remaining who do not. There is not the slightest danger that a benevolent spirit, however coupled with a discriminating mind, will find itself at loss for objects.If every other outlet failed, there would still be the work of the Theosophical Society, which certainly in its animus and its zeal to disseminate the most ennobling of motives cannot be surpassed in fraternal feeling. Each of us can participate in that, and so exemplify and expand the Brother principle. Yet, as in families, so in the broad human fraternity, the instinct of affinity will work. The Theosophist does not pretend that his greatest interest is in things upon the surrounding plane. It is rather his doctrine that higher planes are equally open to aspiration and vastly richer in satisfaction.His fuller sympathies most naturally go out to those who are like-minded. As a man of letters does not find much congeniality in the ignorant or the addle-brained, so neither does an etherialized nature in such as are dull to the immaterial. In the upper regions of thought and intuition there must be livelier motions of concurrent feeling, larger ranges for common effort, more inspiring topics for mind and heart. As the developing spirit ascends to higher plateaux, it meets fewer [Page 8] comrades, but it finds them more congenial.If the swarming mass of humanity remains below, it i s not his fault, but theirs. He does not discard the relationship, but he detects the finer qualities of it on his own level. And should any man complain that he does not secure Page 4 Theosophical Siftings Universal Brotherhood Vol 2, No 5 from the Theosophist that unlimited sympathy which the term â€Å"Universal Brotherhood† might seem to imply, the Theosophist might say to him, as the Adept says to the Theosophist, â€Å"Don't ask us to descend; come up here yourself†. Page 5

Friday, November 8, 2019

How to Write a College Application Essay Guidelines and Advices - Paperell.com

How to Write a College Application Essay Guidelines and Advices How to Write a College Application Essay: Guidelines and Advices Admission to college or university involves writing an application essay. In most cases, a correctly designed motivation letter is 50% of the entrance to the educational institute of your dreams. That’s why you should not take writing it lightly.A college application essay outline (motivation letter) is a text on 1-2 pages, where the candidate describes his/her interests (academic), experience, goals, life position, and achievements. This paper format can tell a lot about the author.First, the selection committee will be able to get an idea about the personality of the candidate, his/her ability to think critically, and to analyze the situation.Second, the ability of the candidateto   logically, coherently and grammatically correctly expresses his/her thoughts in writing.You should agree! Based on a college application essay, you can draw certain conclusions about the candidate who dreams about a diploma from a world reknown university – that’s why you need to write this paper perfectly.What Is The Goal Of This Paper?The main purpose of the college application essay format is to convince members of the admissions committee you are the most suitable candidate and should give preference to you. With the help of an outline, you establish communication with the members of the admission committee. To be successful, you should:Know what the audience expects from you;Know what you want from the learning process in college;Be able to tell about unique qualities that make you special.Main Steps For Writing A Flawless Admission Essay For CollegeYou can download templates of a motivation letter in English and write your letter in their image and likeness, or even buy an essay for college. But, it will be more reliable if you try, guided by general recommendations to write your personal text.If you do not know how to start a college application essay, learn the formats:Not structured. You can freely express your goals, objectives, and describe your e xperience, personal qualities, and achievements.A form of answers to questions. Such a paper, as a rule, is written by candidates who apply for MBA programs. In this case, the motivation letter will consist of short essay-answers to certain questions. It looks like an autobiographical paper.The introduction part of your motivation letter should include information about your attitude to the subject, and here it is important to answer the following questions:Why do you want to study this subject?How did you prove your desire to study this subject?What other aspects of academic life do you find interesting (for example, in other disciplines)?In the next part of writing a college application essay, write with a perspective for the future. You, like every student, start your education with a bachelor’s degree. But there is a possibility that you continue your studies in a master’s or graduate school. If you continue your education by enrolling in graduate school, which dir ection will you choose? That’s what you need to talk about. It is important to be specific and talk about the direction of your studies, even if this is a highly specialized area, you need to demonstrate your maximum awareness.Having completed the part of the letter devoted to the argument/problem/situation. Show your potential in other aspects that are not related to the subject you have chosen, both in the academic sense and in general. In this part, it is necessary to write about your school achievements. For example, about reading and writing, awards, etc. Tell about your extracurricular activities in detail, describing your achievements and talents, talk about plans for the future. How do you see your career and whether you are going to take an academic vacation? How much do your plans correspond to the university course you have chosen?Helpful Tips That Will Make Your Admission Paper IdealIf you are not sure how to write a college application essay and make it perfect, just follow these tips:Show the most interesting facts at the beginning of the letter – guarantee that the letter will be read to the end.Ask for help if you need it! Only a flawless paper can guarantee your success and that is why, when writing you can benefit from using our reliable college application writing service. It will increase your chances to be accepted.Facts should be logically and accurately arranged in such a way that the reader can see your development in both personal and professional spheres.Divide the text into paragraphs. Use word-bundles to move from one paragraph to another, make each paragraph of your letter a mini-story with a string, culmination, and a logical outcome.It is always smart to prepare an essay outline for college before you start writing.Start the introduction to make the admission officer read your letter till the end. Make it interesting: use quotes, a description of an event from life, an unusual fact, tell about unique ideas and add p ersonal information. Use a hook to grab the readers’ attention.A conclusion is an equally important part of the letter. The conclusion should leave a positive impression on the admission officer of what has been read. In conclusion, you do not need to summarize each paragraph, but you can present the problems proposed in the letter from a different angle, link them to more global problems, or focus on your goals and motivation.Edit the letter in several stages. First, just write the text, after a day or two, proofread it and look for grammatical and spelling mistakes. For this, you can use an application essay writing service to check all mistakes.Try to avoid clichà ©s and overused words (totally, awesome, etc.), not bearing any information phrases.An admission paper should in no case turn into a resume, it should supplement information to the selection committee about you, and not give them the same information that they can read in the summary.Choose your topic wisely! Av oid dangerous ambiguous topics, refrain from presenting thoughts on politics or religion, especially if your point of view is too different from an ordinarily accepted one.Use simple words and expressions, do not complicate the reader’s perception of the text, and most importantly – do not write too much, no one will read about you a novel in three volumes.

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

The Ultimate AP Psychology Review Guide 5-Step Prep Plan

The Ultimate AP Psychology Review Guide 5-Step Prep Plan SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Preparing for the AP Psychology exam shouldn't cause you to lose your sanity (pun intended). Some of the material is challenging, but overall it's not that scary compared to other AP tests. If you stay focused during your studying and are familiar with the format of the test, you'll have a good chance of acing it! In this article, I'll provide specific details on the structure and content of the exam and tell you how you can make the best use your AP Psychology review time to end up with a great score. What’s the AP Psychology Exam Like? The AP Psychology exam is one of the shorter AP tests, clocking in at just two hours total. You’ll have an hour and ten minutes to complete 100 multiple-choice questions and the remaining 50 minutes to complete two open response questions. Overall, I’d say it’s one of the easiest AP tests based on its length and the complexity of its content. Since you only have 70 minutes for 100 multiple choice questions, you’ll need to make sure you’re keeping track of time. It’s important to move relatively quickly because you have less than a minute for each question! Try not to spend more than 30 seconds on a question; you can always come back to the question later. There is no guessing penalty on multiple choice (as for all AP exams now) so incorrect answers won’t hurt you any more than leaving questions blank. The open response questions shouldn’t give you much trouble in terms of time. There are only two of them (much fewer than most other AP tests), and they’re usually very straightforward. In many cases, they will just ask you to explain how terms you’ve learned in AP Psychology relate to a specific situation. You’ll also need some knowledge of the scientific method for certain open response questions that ask about the methodology of a psychological study. I'll give you examples of AP Psychology multiple-choice and free response questions in the next section. No penalties for incorrect answers! Finally, the College Board can lay off all those referees and free up some room in the budget. What’s on the AP Psychology Exam? Here’s an example of a multiple choice question you might see on the test: This question is kind of wordy, and it may seem like you need to know a lot to figure it out, but you could actually get the answer without much psychology knowledge at all (though it’s less confusing with some background information). The baby monkeys preferred the soft cloth surrogate mother over the wire surrogate with food, indicating that the comfort of the cloth was more important to them than the food when they were scared. The answer is B! Most multiple choice questions will involve either simple logic, like this one, or basic memorization of the content in the course. Here’s an example of an open response question that was on the 2015 exam: Here, it’s easy to see how the points for the question are earned. The seven bullet points correspond to the seven possible points you can get from answering the question. This question is dependent on a comprehensive knowledge of specific terms and concepts from the AP Psychology curriculum. The College Board provides a breakdown of the different topics on the AP Psychology exam by percentage of questions. Here are the topics you’ll see on the exam (from most to least common): Topic Percentage of Questions Research Methods 8-10 Biological Bases of Behavior 8-10 Social Psychology 8-10 Cognition 8-10 Learning 7-9 Developmental Psychology 7-9 Abnormal Psychology 7-9 Sensation and Perception 6-8 Motivation and Emotion 6-8 Personality 5-7 Testing and Individual Differences 5-7 Treatment of Psychological Disorders 5-7 States of Consciousness 2-4 History and Approaches 2-4 This might inform how much of your AP Psychology review time you spend studying each topic, but it’s probably more important to pay attention to where you struggle the most on an individual level. For example, if you know all there is to know about Research Methods but don’t remember much about Treatment of Psychological Disorders, you should spend more time reviewing the second topic even though it relates to fewer questions. In the next section, I’ll give more specific guidance on how to review for the exam. Preliminary AP Psychology Study Tips Here are some tips to keep in mind before you start your AP Psychology exam review! They'll help you stay on the right track and make the most of your time. Tip 1: Plan Out Your Time How much time do you have before the test? You'll need to take this into account when formulating your study plan. Think about how much time you can afford to spend studying for AP Psychology while considering the amount of other schoolwork you have. For example, if you think you have about 10 hours to study, your plan might look something like this: Take and score a practice test (2.5 hours) Go over your mistakes (1 hour) Review weak content areas and update test-taking strategies (2 hours) Take and score another practice test (2.5 hours) Final review (2 hours) If you have longer, you might be able to go more in-depth with your mistakes on the second practice test and even take a third or fourth test. Overall, your time should be split relatively evenly between taking practice tests and reviewing the material. Your plan could change depending on your initial scores and how much you’re looking to improve. I would say that you don't need to spend more than 20 hours total studying for AP Psychology. The amount of material isn't overwhelming, and it's not an especially difficult test. I’ll get more specific on how to use practice tests effectively in the next section. Tip 2: Choose Review Materials Wisely You’ll need reliable review materials to ensure that you’re getting the most out of your study sessions. I’d recommend buying a review book (5 Steps to a 5 and Cracking the AP Psychology Exam are the ones I like best). Review books cover just the information that you’ll need for the exam, so they’re going to be less overwhelming to study than your textbook or notes from class. That being said, don’t totally ignore the resources you’ve accumulated in your AP Psychology class. Your notes might include unique methods for remembering concepts and terms which can be useful as an alternative to the information in a review book. Your textbook could be useful as well because it might have diagrams that are better than the ones in review books. I think it’s just nice to have a review book as a backup so that you stay focused on your studying and don’t spend time on topics that are less relevant for the exam. This wise owl says "hoo hooo hoooooo," which translates to "Choose your review materials wisely like I would!" Either that or "They're coming. Tonight." Tip 3: Focus on Memorizing Terms The AP Psychology exam is centered around psychological terms and theories. Some of these can be confusing and hard to tell apart (or not what they sound like intuitively). It's really important to have a solid grasp on all the terms that you learned in the course for both multiple choice and free response questions. Free response questions will often ask you to relate an obscure psychology term to a certain hypothetical scenario, and it's impossible to get points if you aren't completely confident about the meaning of the term. Flashcards are helpful for this type of memorization. If you have time, you can make flashcards for all the important terms in the class or even just a few terms that always trip you up. These can be physical flashcards, or if that's too old-fashioned, you can use Quizlet to study virtual flashcards (in this case you won't even need to make your own; there are already a ton of user-created study sets). I find that writing down the definitions of terms yourself will drill their meanings into your brain more effectively, so I prefer making my own cards, but you can do whatever works best for your schedule and learning style. To put a fun spin on studying and ensure that you never forget terms, you can send flashcards that describe psychological disorders to people who seem to have them based on your expert diagnosis. They'll be sure to thank you later (disclaimer: if you do this you are probably a sociopath). Tip 4: Go Over Testing Strategies Before you take a practice test, you should be aware of the testing pitfalls that may impact your score. Don't sacrifice points on practice tests (or the real test!) due to factors unrelated to your knowledge of the material. Here are some strategies for different types of test questions: Multiple Choice Questions As I mentioned earlier in this article, the exam doesn’t give you a ton of time for each multiple choice question. If you have a tendency to get stuck on difficult questions, you’ll need to keep this in mind during the AP Psychology test. Try to avoid spending more than 30 seconds on each question, and don't worry too much about skipping a few. It's possible to get a 5 on the test even if you miss 20-30 multiple choice questions. I'm not advocating skipping questions at random, but you should know that it's not the end of the world if you can't answer every single one. It’s also important not to overthink multiple choice questions. The questions can sound and look complex, but most of the time they’re not overly difficult if you know the material. Underline the parts of the question that are most important so that you don’t get distracted or start to second-guess yourself. If one of the answers seems like it doesn’t make sense, eliminate it. Free Response Questions On free response questions, remember that this isn’t an English test! There’s no need to write an introduction and conclusion; go straight for the answer to the question. That being said, you should still write in complete sentences with correct grammar. Make it as easy as possible for the graders to find your answers and give you points. Underline verbs like â€Å"describe† or â€Å"define† in the question to keep yourself focused on the task at hand. If the free response question is something like the example I provided in the previous section, it can be easier to work backward by putting yourself in the position of one of the people in the hypothetical scenario. You might say, "if I was looking to purchase a new house, what thoughts would cross my mind and why?" After thinking this through a little bit, you could look at the first term and make a connection. The prefrontal cortex is involved in planning and decision-making, so it would be used extensively in the process of committing to the purchase of a new house. This is the only house that would be in my price range right now. Jim doesn't know how good he has it. Your AP Psychology Review Plan in Action Here’s a basic outline of the steps you should take once you’ve prepared your materials and made a rough study plan for AP Psychology. Step 1: Take and Score a Practice Test The first thing you should do is take an initial practice test to see how high you’re currently scoring. You can find practice tests for AP Psychology in review books and online. If you don’t have a review book, Googling â€Å"AP Psychology practice exam pdf† will yield many results. Use tests that were created as recently as possible (ideally within the last 5 years) to ensure that they are relatively similar to the test you’ll be taking. Here’s a conversion table that shows you how raw composite scores from practice tests translate to the AP scale: Composite Score AP Score 113-150 5 93-112 4 77-92 3 65-76 2 0-64 1 To calculate your composite score, add up the number of multiple choice questions you answered correctly. Then, consult the scoring rubric for the free response questions to calculate the number of points you would earn on each question. Convert the number of points you earned on the free response questions to a value out of 50 (for example, if you got 8 out of 15 points on the two free response questions, you would convert that to about 27 out of 50). Then, add the raw score numbers from the multiple choice and free response sections together. If you earned 75 points (75 questions correct) on the multiple choice section and 27 points on the free response section, your composite score would be a 102, making your official AP Score a 4. See this article for more information on calculating your score. Once you’ve scored your practice test, you can set a future score goal. This is pretty simple for AP tests because the score range is just 1-5. There’s no reason not to aim for a 5 on the test, especially in the case of the AP Psychology exam. Since it’s one of the less difficult AP tests, a 5 should be achievable for you if you put some effort into studying. If you’re scoring very low right now, you could think about aiming for a 3 or 4 and increasing your goal if you reach it before the test. Even if you’re already in the 5 range, you should still consider doing a bit of studying if you have time. It's important to feel as comfortable as possible on the real test! You want the AP Psychology test to be like an old friend that you still pretend to like out of pity. Step 2: Analyze Your Mistakes Look at the questions you got wrong or had to guess on, and try to figure out why you struggled. Did you forget a term or concept? Were you not sure what the question was asking? Did you make a careless error? Did you run out of time? Which of these issues was most prevalent? Did you notice a certain type of question that you tended to get wrong? Record your findings on the nature of your mistakes so that you can correct them in your studying. This guide will help you with reviewing your mistakes (I know it’s for SAT/ACT practice tests, but the same principles apply here). Step 3: Review Weak Content Areas If you made a lot of mistakes related to content or question misunderstandings, you should try to figure out which areas caused you the most trouble. Then, you can consult your notes or a review book to brush up on terms and concepts that you’ve forgotten. AP Psychology involves quite a bit of memorization, so there’s bound to be at least a few areas where you weren’t sure of the meaning of a term or couldn’t remember what a specific psychologist did. Stay focused on your weak areas, and pay special attention to weak areas that are also big parts of the exam. For example, if questions about cognition give you trouble, but you also struggle with the history and approaches category, put more effort into studying cognition. A knowledge deficit in this area will cost you more points in the end. Make sure you fix any weak links in your psychology knowledge chain before the exam. Step 4: Revise Your Test-Taking Strategies If your mistakes fell heavily on the side of time issues and careless errors, you should think more about how you can change your approach to the test. Remember to avoid getting stuck on difficult questions if you’re running out of time. Consider slowing down a bit and reading questions more carefully if you suffer from careless errors. Step 5: Rinse and Repeat! After you’ve revised your strategies and brushed up on your content knowledge, you should take another practice test to assess your progress. Then, you can go through the review process again and take steps to improve further. You can do this as many times as it takes for you to feel comfortable with the test and reach your score goal. Conclusion When reviewing for the AP Psychology exam, it's important to pay attention to the format of the test so that you know what to expect. You should also devote special attention to topic areas that are the most difficult for you. Both strong content knowledge and smart testing strategies are important if you want to earn a high score. Practice tests are the most valuable tools in your arsenal for checking on your progress as you review the material. Keep revising your strategies and closing any gaps in your content knowledge until you get to a score that makes you happy! What's Next? Want to learn more about specific AP Psychology topics? Start with our discussion of Stockholm Syndrome here. What does a good score on the AP Psychology mean for you in college? Learn more about how AP credit works at colleges. AP tests and SAT subject tests can both be important components of your college application. Find out the difference between the two and which type of test is more important. Are you taking AP US History along with AP Psychology? Read this article for some helpful AP US History study resources. 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